Landscapes

♦ Words about landscape features are seldom used in isolation, except in names. It sounds unnatural to say ti’ waa’u’ it is a hill. Instead, all these words are incorporated, that is, inserted into another word. The final ‐u’ or ‐tš is deleted in incorporation. ♦

hill

waa’u’

woods, forest

waraa’u’

stone, rock

kanitš

lake

čiWAhaanu’

village, town

ituunu’

ground, earth, land

hunaanu’

earth, world, country

kaahunaanu’

prairie

koohaanu’

road, path

hatuunu’

river valley

hukaahaanu’

creek, a creek valley, coulee

hUsAhaanu’

Pattern:

It is sitting, it sits.

tiikUx.

It is a______ (sitting).

ti‐___‐kUx.

It is a hill.

tiwaakUx.

It is a forest.

tiwaraakUx.

It is a rock.

tikanitkUx.

It is a lake.

tičiWAhaahkUx.

It is a village.

tiituhkUx.

It is a prairie.

tikoohaahkUx.

It is a country.

tikaahunaahkUx.

It is a piece of land.
(or: It is a garden.)

tIhunaahkUx.

Pattern:

It is a _____ (elongated shape, as on the horizon).

ti‐____‐u’At

It is a creek.

tihUsAhaanu’At.

It is a river valley.

tIhukaahaanu’At.

It is a lake.

tičiWAhaanu’At.

It is a road.

tIhatuunu’At.

It is a town.
(stretched out in the distance)

tiituunu’At.

It is a land.

tIhunaanu’At.

It is a country/world.

tikaahunaanu’At.

Pattern:

Let’s (we two) go to the ___!

sišWA niina‐___‐kUx! / niina‐___‐ootA!

Let’s (we all) go to the ___!

toxtaapo’ niina‐___‐kUx! / niina‐___ootA!

where the hill is.

niinawaakUx.

where the woods are.

niinawaraakUx.

where the stone is.

niinakanitkUx.

where the lake is.

niinačiWAhaahkUx.

where the village is.

niineetuhkUx.

where the prairie is.

niinakoohaahkUx.

where the creek is.

niinahUsAhaanootA.

where the village is. (stretched out in the distance)

niineetuunootA.

where the land is.

niiNAhunaanootA.

where the hills are.

niinawaanaanootA.

Pattern:

It is big.

tiRIhuu’U.

______ is big.

ti‐_____‐RIhuu’U.

It is a big hill.

tiwaaNIhuu’U.

It is a big forest.

tiwaraaNIhuu’U.

It is a big rock.

tikaniNIhuu’U.

It is a big lake.

tičiWAhaaNIhuu’U.

It is a big village.

tiituuNIhuu’U.

It is a big land/garden.

wetIhunaaNIhuu’U.

© 2017 American Indian Studies Research Institute. All rights reserved.